Ophthalmology is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the eyes and visual system. It encompasses the study of anatomy, physiology, and diseases affecting the eyeball, orbit, and visual pathways. Ophthalmologists utilize specialized equipment and techniques to examine and manage conditions such as refractive errors, glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal diseases. Treatment modalities range from pharmacotherapy and laser procedures to intricate surgical interventions aimed at preserving or restoring vision. The field of ophthalmology integrates clinical practice with ongoing research to advance understanding and innovate therapies for ocular health and visual rehabilitation.