The Elgin Area Historical Society is a non-profit organization chartered in 1961. The purpose of the Society is to increase and enrich the knowledge of the history of Elgin and to provide leisure and educational opportunities for Elgin and the surrounding communities. The Society holds five general meetings a year featuring programs of historical interest. Other activities are also scheduled throughout the year.

The Museum is housed in an 1856 landmark building known as Old Main that was once part of the Elgin Academy. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Through permanent and changing exhibits, the museum brings to life Elgin's rich heritage. Permanent exhibits include Elgin National Watch Company, the E. Maude and Carl Parlasca Native American Collection, and Elgin Road Race memorabilia.

The Museum is open to the public. Admission is $3.00 for adults, $1.00 for students, and free for Society members.